There are two main types of Python variables: local and global variables. Local variables are defined inside a function and can only be accessed within that function. Global variables are defined outside of any function and can be accessed from anywhere in the program The scope of a variable is determined based on where it is defined. In the same program you can have same name for local and global variable and they both contains different values. ** This example will explain the scope of variables** ```python area_name = "India" def sample_function(): area_name= "Pune" print("*** Inside function : ",area_name) print("*** Before calling function : ", area_name) sample_function() print("*** After calling function : ", area_name) ``` ** If you have not defined variable in function, you can still access global variable, however you can not modify it. If you modify, the changes are relevant in the function only. ```python area_name = "India" def sample_function(): print("*** Inside function : ",area_name) print("*** Before calling function : ", area_name) sample_function() print("*** After calling function : ", area_name) ``` ***If you want to modify global variable inside function, you need to use keywork global inside function** ```python area_name = "India" def sample_function(): global area_name area_name= "Pune" print("*** Inside function : ",area_name) print("*** Before calling function : ", area_name) sample_function() print("*** After calling function : ", area_name) ``` d.