Variables can store data of different types, each data type has different characteristics and can do different things. Everything is an object in Python programming, Python data types are classes and variables are instances (objects) of these classes Python has the following data types built-in by default, in these categories: * Text Type: `str` * Numeric Types: `int`, `float`, `complex` * Sequence Types: `list`, `tuple`, `range` * Mapping Type: `dict` * Set Types: `set`, `frozenset` * Boolean Type: `bool` * Binary Types: `bytes`, `bytearray`, `memoryview Here is very brief summary of important data types ### Numberic types * `Int`, or integer, is a whole number, positive or negative, without decimals * `float`, or "floating point number" is a number, positive or negative, containing one or more decimals. * Float can also be scientific numbers with an "e" to indicate the power of 10. * `complex` numbers are written with a "j" as the imaginary part: ```python x = 1 # int y = 2.8 # float z = 1j # complex ``` Casting ```python x = int(1) # x will be 1 y = int(2.8) # y will be 2 z = int("3") # z will be 3 x = float(1) # x will be 1.0 y = float(2.8) # y will be 2.8 ``` ### strings The string is a sequence of characters. Python supports Unicode characters. Generally, strings are represented by either single or double-quotes. ```python name = "techtrekking" name = 'techtrekking' ``` ### list Python list is collection of values. Main feature of python list is that, it can hold different types of datatypes in same list ```python id_list = [ 11, 55, 'arya', 5.5 ] ``` ### typle Tuple is very simillar to list however it is immutable. Another differentiation is that list is represented by square brackets `[]` and tuple by Parentheses `()` ```python id_tuple = [ 11, 55, 'arya', 5.5 ] ``` ### dictionary Python Dictionary is an unordered sequence of data of key-value pair. ```python team_data = {'first_name': 'arya', 'last_name' : 'stark', 'episode':'10'} ``` ### boolean boolean type stores either `True` or `False` value ```python a = True b = False print(type(a)) # Output: <class 'bool'> print(type(b)) # Output: <class 'bool' print(9==8) print(None==None) ``` ### Setting specific datatype Python will consider datatype based on value of variable however many times we need specific datatype and this can be explicitely assigned as below ```python x = str("Hello World") x = int(20) x = float(20.5) x = complex(1j) x = list(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) x = tuple(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) x = range(6) x = dict(name="John", age=36) x = set(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) x = frozenset(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) x = bool(5) x = bytes(5) x = bytearray(5) x = memoryview(bytes(5)) ```